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Here are the descriptions of\markbothand\markright:
\markboth{left}{right}
Sets both the left and the right heading. A  left-hand heading (left) is gener-
ated by the last\markbothcommand before the end of the page, while a  right-
hand heading (right) is generated by the first\markbothor\markrightthat
comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page.
\markright{right}
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
19.4 \thispagestyle{style}
The\thispagestylecommand works in the same manner as the\pagestylecommand
(see previous section) except that it changes to style for the current page only.
Chapter 20: Spaces 65
20 Spaces
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LTEX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
Another space-producing command is\,to produce a  thin space (usually 1/6 quad).
It can be used in text mode, but is more often useful in math mode (see Section 17.5
[Spacing in math mode], page 60).
20.1 \hspace
Synopsis:
\hspace[*]{length}
The\hspacecommand adds horizontal space. The length argument can be expressed
A
in any terms that LTEX understands: points, inches, etc. It is a rubber length. You can
add both negative and positive space with an\hspacecommand; adding negative space is
like backspacing.
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LTEX normally removes horizontal space that comes at the beginning or end of a line.
To preserve this space, use the optional*form.
20.2 \hfill
The\hfillfill command produces a  rubber length which has no natural space but can
stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed.
The \fill parameter is the rubber length itself (technically, the glue value  0pt
plus1fill ); thus,\hspace\fillis equivalent to\hfill.
20.3 \SPACE
The\ (space) command produces a normal interword space. It s useful after punctuation
which shouldn t end a sentence. For exampleKnuth sarticleinProc.\Amer.\Math\.
Soc.\isfundamental. It is also often used after control sequences, as in\TeX\isanice
system.
In normal circumstances,\taband\newlineare equivalent to\.
20.4 \@
The\@command makes the following punctuation character end a sentence even if it
normally would not. This is typically used after a capital letter. Here are side-by-side
examples with and without\@:
... in C\@. Pascal, though ...
... in C. Pascal, though ...
produces
. . . in C. Pascal, though . . .
. . . in C. Pascal, though . . .
20.5 \thinspace
\thinspaceproduces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6 of an em. This
is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in   .
Chapter 20: Spaces 66
20.6 \/
The\/command produces an italic correction. This is a small space defined by the font
designer for a given character, to avoid the character colliding with whatever follows. The
italic f character typically has a large italic correction value.
If the following character is a period or comma, it s not necessary to insert an italic
correction, since those punctuation symbols have a very small height. However, with semi-
colons or colons, as well as normal letters, it can help. Compare f : f ; with f: f;.
Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic correction. Compare pdfTEX
with pdfTEX.
20.7 \hrulefill
The\hrulefillfill command produces a  rubber length which can stretch or shrink
horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal rule.
20.8 \dotfill
The\dotfillcommand produces a  rubber length that fills with dots instead of just
white space.
20.9 \addvspace
\addvspace{length}
The\addvspacecommand normally adds a vertical space of height length. However,
if vertical space has already been added to the same point in the output by a previous
\addvspacecommand, then this command will not add more space than needed to make
the natural length of the total vertical space equal tolength.
20.10 \bigskip\medskip\smallskip
These commands produce a given amount of space.
\bigskip The same as\vspace{bigskipamount}, ordinarily about one line space (with
stretch and shrink).
\medskip The same as\vspace{medskipamount}, ordinarily about half of a line space
(with stretch and shrink).
\smallskip
The same as\vspace{smallskipamount}, ordinarily about a quarter of a line
space (with stretch and shrink).
The\...amountparameters are determined by the document class.
20.11 \vfill
The\vfillfill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can stretch or shrink
vertically as far as needed. It s equivalent to\vspace{\fill}(see Section 20.2 [\hfill],
page 65).
Chapter 20: Spaces 67
20.12 \vspace[*]{length}
Synopsis:
\vspace[*]{length}
The\vspacecommand adds the vertical space length, i.e., a rubber length. length can
be negative or positive.
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Ordinarily, LTEX removes vertical space added by\vspaceat the top or bottom of a
page. With the optional*argument, the space is not removed.
Chapter 21: Boxes 68
21 Boxes
All the predefined length parameters (see Section 15.6 [Predefined lengths], page 47) can
be used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
21.1 \mbox{text}
The\mboxcommand creates a box just wide enough to hold the text created by its argument.
The text is not broken into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
21.2 \fboxand\framebox
Synopses:
\fbox{text}
\framebox[width][position]{text}
The\fboxand\frameboxcommands are like\mbox, except that they put a frame
around the outside of the box being created.
In addition, the\frameboxcommand allows for explicit specification of the box width
with the optional width argument (a dimension), and positioning with the optional position
argument.
Both commands produce a rule of thickness\fboxrule(default  .4pt ), and leave a
space of\fboxsep(default  3pt ) between the rule and the contents of the box.
See Section 9.19.3 [\framebox (picture)], page 27, for the\frameboxcommand in the
pictureenvironment.
21.3 lrbox
\begin{lrbox}{cmd}text\end{lrbox}
This is the environment form of\sbox.
The text inside the environment is saved in the boxcmd, which must have been declared
with\newsavebox.
21.4 \makebox
Synopsis:
\makebox[width][position]{text}
The\makeboxcommand creates a box just wide enough to contain the text specified.
The width of the box is specified by the optional width argument. The position of the
text within the box is determined by the optional position argument, which may take the
following values:
c Centered (default).
l Flush left.
r Flush right.
s Stretch (justify) across entire width; text must contain stretchable space for
this to work.
Chapter 21: Boxes 69
\makeboxis also used within the picture environment see Section 9.19.2 [\makebox
(picture)], page 26.
21.5 \parbox
Synopsis:
\parbox[position][height][inner-pos]{width}{text}
The\parboxcommand produces a box whose contents are created inparagraphmode.
It should be used to make a box small pieces of text, with nothing fancy inside. In particular,
you shouldn t use any paragraph-making environments inside a\parboxargument. For
larger pieces of text, including ones containing a paragraph-making environment, you should
use aminipageenvironment (see Section 9.18 [minipage], page 25).
\parboxhas two mandatory arguments:
width the width of the parbox;
text the text that goes inside the parbox.
The optional position argument allows you to align either the top or bottom line in the
parbox with the baseline of the surrounding text (default is top).
The optional height argument overrides the natural height of the box.
The inner-pos argument controls the placement of the text inside the box, as follows; if
it is not specified, position is used.
t text is placed at the top of the box.
c text is centered in the box.
b text is placed at the bottom of the box.
s stretch vertically; the text must contain vertically stretchable space for this to
work.
21.6 \raisebox
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